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7/5/22, 7:34 AM
Article
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11L, 13L, And 16L Engine Oil Analysis
Specifications - US10 And Newer Emissions
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If oil dilution is suspected refer to the applicable
CBR solution below:
∙ CBR-569 Mack Chassis - Oil Diluted With Fuel; Fuel In Oil, Diagnostic
Information - All Emissions, All Model Years
∙ CBR-982 Volvo Chassis - Oil Diluted With Fuel; Fuel In Oil, Diagnostic
Information - All Emissions Prior To US17+OBD16 (Common Rail Fuel
System), Model Year 2017 And Older
∙ CBR-406 Dye Test Procedure; Fuel System Leak Check - Common Rail
Fuel System - US17+OBD16 And Newer Emissions, Common Model Year
2018 And Newer
Oil Analysis Specifications
The chart below contains three ranges of values:
Green
The value is within permissible limits and oil is in good
condition.
Alert
The value indicates necessity for an oil change/service
at the earliest convenience.
Warning The value indicates the engine is already at risk. Urgent
oil change/service required.
Requirement
Green
Alert
Warning
1
Wear and
ASTM D5185
< 100 100 - 150 > 150
Fe
contaminant
ppm2
ppm2
ppm2
elements
20 - 35
Pb
< 20 ppm
> 35 ppm
ppm
15 - 30
Cu
< 15 ppm3
> 30 ppm3
ppm3
10 - 15
Sn
< 10 ppm
> 15 ppm
ppm
5 - 10
Cr
< 5 ppm
> 10 ppm
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ppm
4 10 - 15
4
Al
10
15
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Property
Method
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Al
< 10 ppm4
Ni
< 15 ppm
Si
< 20 ppm2
Mo
< 5 ppm5
K
< 10 ppm4
Na
< 10 ppm
B
< 5 ppm5
ppm4
15 - 20
ppm
20 - 40
ppm2
5 - 10
ppm5
10 - 20
ppm4
10 - 20
ppm
5 - 10
ppm5
> 15 ppm4
> 20 ppm
> 40 ppm2
> 10 ppm5
> 20 ppm4
> 20 ppm
> 10 ppm5
Fuel
ASTM D35241
< 4%6
0.05 0.1%
4 - 6%6
Soot
DIN 514521 or
TGA
< 2%
2 - 3%
> 3%
ASTM D4739
Stay in
grade6
≥3
Stay in
grade6
2.0 - 2.9
Stay in
grade6
<2
DIN 514531
< 30
30 - 40
> 40
DIN 514531
< 25
25 - 30
> 30
Water
Contaminants
Article
Viscosity
at 100°C
TBN
Oil Condition Oxidation
(net)
Nitration
(net)
ASTM D63041 < 0.05%
ASTM D445
1
Or equivalent.
2
May be higher during running in (first few drain intervals).
> 0.1%
> 6%6
3
Very high copper ( Cu ) levels, more than 500 ppm, are sometimes
found during the first 60,000 miles (100,000 km) of the vehicle life. The
source is the oil cooler and the copper levels normally drop in
consecutive drain intervals.
4
AL and K may be simultaneously high during the first few intervals. The
source is then likely the charge air cooler and particles are soft and
harmless. The K:Al ratio is then typically 2-3:1.
5
Some oils may contain Mo and/or B. Check fresh oil values.
6 If
fuel dilution exceeds 6%, contact our dealer network and/or follow
the instructions in Notification Letter NL-2014-001.
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7/5/22, 7:38 AM
Article
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Dye Test Procedure; Fuel System Leak Check Common Rail Fuel System - US17+OBD16 And
Newer Emissions, Common Model Year 2018 And
Newer
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**READ FIRST: The presence of any of the DTCs listed below in active status will cause an
exception in PTT and not allow the test to run. This article is not a diagnostic
procedure for electrical codes.
DTC
Description
P0259
Injection Pump Fuel Metering Control "B" High
P0256
Injection Pump Fuel Metering Control B
P2A16 Injection Pump Fuel Metering Control "D" (Cam/Rotor/Injector)
P2A19 Injection Pump Fuel Metering Control "D" High (Cam/Rotor/Injector)
P2A1E Injection Pump Fuel Metering Control "F" (Cam/Rotor/Injector)
P2A21 Injection Pump Fuel Metering Control "F" High (Cam/Rotor/Injector)
P009D Fuel Pressure Relief Control Circuit High
P009C Fuel Pressure Relief Control Circuit Low
P009B Fuel Pressure Relief Control
P0191
Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor Circuit Range/Performance Bank 1
P0192
Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor Circuit Low Bank 1
P0190
Fuel Rail Pressure Sensor Bank 1
For the Common Rail, Fuel Leak Test and Fuel Leak Test Valve Cover Removed, test
procedures refer to Impact under function group 237.
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p2a19-00
p0256-14
p2a1e-14
p0259-00
p2a21-00
p025614
p025900
p2a1614
p2a1e14
p2a2100
dye test
fuel leak
volvo
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p2a16-14
leak check
p2a1900
common rail
mack
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7/5/22, 7:36 AM
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Mack SNM15-032 Outstanding Campaigns Are
Now Displayed In Tech Tool
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Refer to Mack SNM15-032 Outstanding Campaigns are Now Displayed in
Tech Tool here
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7/5/22, 7:37 AM
Article
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Volvo Chassis - Oil Diluted With Fuel; Fuel In Oil,
Diagnostic Information - All Emissions Prior To
US17+OBD16 (Common Rail Fuel System), Model
Year 2017 And Older
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For any vehicle with symptoms of oil contamination or dilution, including oil level
above full (overfilled, making oil), low oil pressure codes, odors, etc.:
A. Oil analysis should be requested before proceeding with any repair. There are two
types of analysis:
- GC (Gas Chromatograph) ASTM D3524 is the recommended method.
- FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) is not an accurate method for fuel
dilution measurements.
B. The following information should be included on the analysis sheet and considered
as possible contributing factors when reviewing the report:\span
- Mileage
- Engine hours
- Mileage/hours since last oil service
- Oil manufacturer
- Oil product name/code
- Oil viscosity (weight)
- Oil grade
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C. If the above data indicates a high percentage of fuel dilution and the oil life does not
exceed recommended service intervals, perform the following dye test:
1. Put dye in the fuel filter on the engine.
2. Pressurize/prime the system with the hand pump
3. Remove the valve cover
4. Ensure there is shielding in place to prevent oil sling from the geartrain.
5. Run the engine for no longer than 10-15 seconds.
4. Inspect the following areas with a black light during and after operation:
- Injector plunger, solenoid, and side body
- Fuel gallery plugs at the front and back of the cylinder head
NOTE: A small amount of fuel observed around the injector plungers is normal.
D. Repair as needed.
E. Resecure the valve cover and run the truck for a short period of time. Check to see if
oil level has increased.
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